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THE CHARACTER OF
CHRIST SERIES
HUPOMONE
AND MAKROTHUMIA
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We have been teaching on a series on the character of Christ and
development of character in our Christian life.
We believe that one of the most important developments in our Christian
lives is being Christ like. We were predestined to be conformed
to the image of Christ Jesus in Rom.8.
Since we make Jesus Christ as Lord, He can give us spiritual success,
emotional success, physical success, material success in this earthly life to
succeed and do and fulfill all that He wants us to do
in this life. But the most important is
the development of our spirit being.
Remember that no matter how successful you are in this life, you can’t
take your success to heaven. What you
finally take to heaven is your developed Christian life and character. How your spirit man is and what your spirit
man is like - that’s the part we take to heaven. You can’t take your house, your car, your
money, etc. It is the development in our
life that we can take to heaven with us.
Rom.5:1-5 “Therefore, having been
justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ,
through whom also we have access by faith into this grace in which we stand,
and rejoice in hope of the glory of God.
And not only that, but we also glory in tribulations, knowing that
tribulation produces perseverance; and perseverance, character; and character,
hope. Now hope does not disappoint,
because the love of God has been poured out in our hearts by the Holy Spirit
who was given to us,”
It tells us that we start first with
faith. We are justified by faith and
when we add to the faith tribulation, tribulation produces perseverance. We had studied the word perseverance in Rom.
5 and the word perseverance in verse 4 and 3 is the word translated patience,
many times is the word hupomone. The
root word of hupomeno is meno,
which means abide. The word meno occurs
many times in Jn.15. Jesus said abide in me and My
word abide in you and you will bear much fruit.
So when you add the word hupo, which is
like a preposition, it is abide upon. Hupomeno
means a continuous abiding upon something, upon the word of God.
Hupomone is only an aspect of the development into
the next part which we call character.
Perseverance produces character.
We are not able to study the word character yet, which is a Greek
word dokime, which we will look at in this
series later. But we want to wrap up
what we’ve been studying about the word hupomone,
which has been translated as patience in the New Testament. There are as we’ve mentioned two Greek words
for the word patience. One is the
word hupomone, which is found here. The other is the word makrothumia,
which is translated usually as long suffering. Sometimes the translators mixed up both
words. And makrothumia
translated as patience, sometime hupomone
is patience. So there is a two-fold
relationship between these two words.
Makrothumia is from the word thumia,
which is translated as heat, hot or sometime in reference to fire. We have brought that to the English meaning
and a lot of English words are borrowed from the Greek. One of those words is the word thermos,
a thermos flask. The word makro is a preposition, which is a magnification of
that fire. So makrothumia
is a sort of burning heat and fire that is coming out of our lives. Strangely the bible translates it as long
suffering. And long suffering is not the
ability to endure. The ability to endure
is more accurately from the word hupomone. Hupomone is
like you are surrounded by the waves around you and you are on a huge
rock. And you are somehow steadfast on
that rock. And the waves keep coming and
going and the storms keep coming and going.
But like a wise man whose house is founded on the rock, you are founded
upon something. You are abiding upon
something and it is more or less the English meaning of the word
endurance. You could endure. One day the storms die, the waves die, you
are still there. That’s the word endure
from the word hupomone.
The word makrothumia
is not just endurance; it is an ability never to let your fire die. As you can picture it, its
different type of endurance. It
is endurance, you are challenged by circumstances, but instead of the
circumstances causing the fire to go out, the circumstances cause your fire to
build hotter. It is almost like forest fire,
where normally you light a little match, or you are lighting the candles over
the birthday cake. One of the things
they often do is to switch off the fan.
Why do they do that? Because when
they light the match or light the candles, the wind will blow out that tiny
little flame. How many birthdays that
you celebrated when you switch off the fan and when you try to light the
candles with a match while the fan or the wind is blowing, it puts out the
fire. That’s called being quenched. Some people get quenched. They have no ability to keep the fire
going. The slightest wind and the fire goes out of their lives.
They have no endurance.
But makrothurmia
is a different type of endurance. It’s
an endurance not to remain the same but an endurance to keep the fire going and
brighter. Now you translate that to a
forest fire. What happens when it is dry
weather and part of the forest catches fire and the fire starts burning one or
two trees? And the wind comes; the wind
doesn’t stop the fire. Now, when the
fire reaches a certain level the wind doesn’t stop the fire, it helps the
fire. The stronger the wind, the more
the fire spreads. And the more material
you use to smother the flame, the more things you throw into the fire, wood
etc, the bigger the fire grows. That’s
what makrothumia is. It’s a different type of endurance. It’s fire endurance where you have the
ability to keep the fire. But it is also
the ability that the more circumstances you go
through, the more tribulation you go through, the more difficult things that
are thrown at you, your fire grows bigger.
It is the ability to increase your fire through times of endurance. As we can see hupomone
gives a picture of keeping. You are able
to keep everything. Hold fast to
everything without losing one tiny bit, remaining the same, season and out of
season. There is a sort of endurance and
stability in your life.
Makrothumia is a type of endurance, but its an endurance that grows stronger. The stronger the wind, the bigger you spread,
until in the end the fire is so big it consume even all the circumstances
around you. That’s where we call
breakthrough. That’s where you break
through into the next level. That’s
where you break through and we use the word overcome. Hupomone is
like a rock standing against the waves. Makrothumia is like a forest fire that’s
burns and cannot be put out by strong winds, unlike a candle fire that is
snuffed out by the wind or the air movement.
But the air movement now helps your makrothumia
and delivers a kind of endurance.
Now lets try to
understand the relationship of these two words, because in Rom.5: 3-4, it tells
us that somehow tribulation produces character.
It tells us that hupomone produces
character. Lets cross reference to II
Peter chapter one and see a development of hupomone
here. II Peter 1:5-7 “But also for
this very reason giving all diligence, add to your faith virtue and to virtue
knowledge, to knowledge self-control, to self-control perseverance (that
word perseverance is the same word hupomone. It should be translated as patience), to
perseverance godliness, to godliness brotherly kindness and to brotherly
kindness love (or agape).
Do you notice that Peter had a
different flow where more virtues and characteristics are mentioned? But it starts at the same point. It starts with faith. And then from faith it takes more steps. Lets take faith as
the starting point. First step virtue,
second step knowledge, third step self-control, and fourth step perseverance,
fifth step godliness, sixth step brotherly kindness, and seventh
step love. So developing from
faith to love takes seven steps.
When
you look at Rom.5 verse one, you notice that Paul starts with faith. So lets also start
from the same base faith. Then it says having been justified by faith we
have peace, which is step one.
To
whom also we have access by faith into this grace in which we stand. And rejoice in hope of the glory of God. Rejoice is step two, which we didn’t consider
earlier in our teaching. We started from
faith to tribulation.
Now
verse 3, and not only that by we also glory in tribulation, third step; knowing
that tribulation produces perseverance, fourth step; perseverance
character, fifth step; character hope, sixth step; hope love
seventh step.
Romans 5: 1-5 also
has seven steps, but when we compare it with 2 Peter 1: 5-7 in, we see
that they take slightly different roads to travel. But the end result is still love. I Cor. 13, declares that the greatest is
love. There is definitely a relationship between all these Christian
characteristics and virtues. We don’t
have time to consider all these relationships.
But there are relationships. In
the natural world the same atoms can be formed differently to produce different
molecules and molecular structures.
Diamond and graphite are from the same element. They are all carbon, but the carbon atoms had
joined together differently. And if they
join together in a certain pattern it becomes graphite, which is a very weak
substance. You could break it with your
hand. But under pressure and great heat
the atoms joined together to form a different set of molecules and we call it
diamond. They are still the element
carbon.
In
the spiritual world is the same way.
Between the processes of faith in God to agape love, there are
many different combinations that the characteristics of Jesus in our lives can
take. We need to develop all of
them. We need the diamond hardness or
steel in order to confront difficult situations and cut through them. We need the softness of phileo
in order to relate and be tender to one another. It’s important to have those balances. We are not able to consider all those
balances but I share those little words to encourage you to study deeper and
it’s not possible on one Sunday or even on a series to cover everything. What we are doing is to stir your love for
the Word. There is so much in the Word
that could be read and found out and discovered in the revelation God has placed
there for our lives.
We
are going to consider the fact that hupomone
needs to be developed into character. Or
hupomone also in II Peter chapter one
needs to be developed into what he calls godliness. That is II Peter 1:6 add to hupomone godliness.
And dokime or character is not
mentioned. But other things that are
added on in II Peter 1: 4-7 (as compared to Romans 5: 1-5) that just to prove
to us the fact that there is not just one single road that hupomone
can take to become love.
It
is just like you could take many routes to our church here. Some of you could take the new
expressway. Some of you could have taken
the
Now
the question is, is it God who wants us to take a
certain route? Somehow in our Christian
life He wants all of us to be complete in Jesus Christ. Although together we may need different
experiences based on our call, our ministry and our personality. Yet there is something that must be common so
that we develop properly. In fact in the
natural world if you are a swimmer and you specialized in swimming, you are
like a fish in the water. Do you know
that if all you do is just swimming and you develop only in that place, you can
actually be clumsy on the land? It’s a
different set of muscles that you develop.
If you are a runner, you develop a different set of muscle. If you just specialize in one you may develop
different muscles. To prove it, climb a
17-story building by the stairs. You
could be someone who walks 15 kilometers a day.
But if you climb 17 stories, you will find that even though your muscles
are very well developed and you may start feeling the ache on the 6th
floor. How can you feel the ache when
you are so well trained in walking? It’s
just a different set of muscles.
I
am using a natural illustration to show that although in one sense, God wants
us to develop our specialized gift, yet there is something that must be
basic. Before you can be a specialist
you must have the basic. Before you
could be a medical specialist, you have to go through a general practitioner
course. So there is an area where He
allows us to specialize. That is after
developing certain characteristics.
There are certain characteristics in our Christian life that are basic,
which we all must have. Beyond that we
can learn to develop specialized characteristics according to your call,
ministry or profession that God has called you to be.
Remember
that what we consider basic is sometimes very advanced for the average
Christian. It is because people have not looked into the Word to study what we
should have. A lot of the doctrines that
are taught are very basic. Divine
health, laws of healing, all these are supposedly basic. But some Christians are finding it very
advanced. Because they never have the
basic and we are talking in this series only about the basic characteristic
that we all must have. We all must have
the basic Christian exercise in the development in the Christian character in
our life. And we are considering the
road that hupomone must take.
Hupomone can take the road through character (dokime)
and hope (elpis) to divine love (agape). Or hupomone
can take another road of godliness (eusebeia)
and brotherly kindness (phileo) and
then to divine love (agape) as found in II Peter chapter one. They are different roads. We are saying that you need both roads,
because it’s included among the basic development of phileo. Not the specialized development of phileo. These
are basic roads that we take. We want to
summarize some of these basic roads we take.
Even though you may have 3 very
reasonable routes to come to church, the new express way or the
Hupomone has different highways to agape. The key is that we need to experience all of them
to develop different spiritual muscles in our lives. One is the swimming muscle, one is the
walking muscle and all these muscles are basic to our Christian life. We need to learn all of them. We are just concentrating on the hupomone development into the next step and how hupomone develop together with makrothumia.
If
you are just someone who has developed hupomone
without makrothumia working in your life,
you are a very steady person but you would seldom change things. And if you have makrothumia
without hupomone, you will find that
you can change things too much. In the
end you could be changing or opposing the very thing that you should be because you keep
changing and moving in a different direction.
You
need both. Hupomone
needs to be developed first before makrothumia. Patience needs to be developed first before
long-suffering. I don’t know why they
use the word suffering, because the word makrothumia
conveys no sense of the word suffering.
It conveys more of the idea of heat that is coming forth. So we have hupomone
together with makrothumia.
Lets look at Col. 1 where we see the two principles working
together. Col.1: 9-11 “For this
reason we also, since the day we heard it, do not cease to pray for you, and to
ask that you may be filled with the knowledge of His will in all wisdom and
spiritual understanding; that you may walk worthy of the Lord, fully pleasing
to Him, being fruitful in every good work and increasing in the knowledge of
God; strengthened with all might, according to His glorious power, for all
patience (hupomone), and long-suffering (makrothumia) with joy.”
Here
you find that hupomone and makrothumia work together to help you fulfill the
walk that is pleasing to God in verse 10.
What was Paul’s purpose that you may walk worthy fully pleasing Him,
being fruitful in every good work increasing in the knowledge of God? It is hupomone
and makrothumia working together, patience and
long suffering working together. How do
they work together? What do they produce
is what we are going to consider this morning.
First
of all we study those words and find out how they are used in other
places. The word makrothumia
is actually the word used in Galatians 5:22-23 in the fruit of the
Spirit. If your Bible translates it as patience,
it would be the wrong translation. It
should be the word long suffering.
Gal.5: 22-23 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering
(in the old King James translation the word patience is used and is a
wrong translation since the word here is makrothumia.
The word patience could be used if it was the word hupomone),
kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. Against such there is no law.
I
studied the word makrothumia through the whole
New Testament. The word makrothumia seems to
be expressive of a quality of your human spirit and of the Holy Spirit imparted
into your life. There are some people
who argue that the word fruit of the spirit should be used here, with
the word spirit having a small s and not the capital S. Some would say this is the fruit of the human
spirit, small s, and some would say this is the fruit of the Holy Spirit,
capital S. I take the view that is both. It refers to both the Holy Spirit and the
human spirit. That oneness together
produces this fruit of the Holy Spirit and the human spirit.
The
word longsuffering or makrothumia has
been used for spiritual attributes. And
that’s how we can understand that it has an overcoming quality, not a stabilizing
quality. It’s an overcoming enduring and
not a stabilizing enduring. And that’s
the same one we quoted earlier in the book of Heb.6: 12 That
you do not become sluggish but imitate those who through faith and patience
inherit the promises and verse 15 And so, after he had patiently
endured, he obtained the promise.
Here is where they should have put it as longsuffering and not as
patience. The King James
translators are not very consistent in their translation. It is not faith and patience (hupomone).
It is faith and long-suffering (makrothumia).
Makrothumia is like a fire that overcomes and the
more things you throw into the fire the bigger it grows. It doesn’t grow smaller neither can it be
quenched. The more experiences, the more
persecutions you throw against it, the greater the fire. It is a different type of endurance; it is an
overcoming endurance. That’s why it
inherits the promises. It reaches a
stage of overcoming. Verse 15 talking
about Abraham and also after he had patiently endured, now here is the
word longsuffering again. After
he had long suffered makrothumia he
obtained the promise. It is a different
realm altogether, and makrothumia is a result
of the development of the human spirit with the Holy Spirit enabling them.
The
difference between the Old Testament and the New Testament is not that they
don’t have a human spirit. Human beings
are tripartite beings; they are a spirit, they have a soul, and they live in a
body. The difference is that we have a
new human spirit born again. Theirs was
under the law and under a different dispensation. That is why God cannot dwell in them. He can only work through them here and
there. You will find Old Testament
references about the spirit and their understanding of it. In Ps. it says the spirit of man is a
lamp. It’s like a candle. So they do have some understanding about the
human spirit. And the difference between
them and us is not that they don’t have a human spirit. All human beings are tripartite type. Those who don’t know God, their spirits are
dead. The Old Testament through the
blood covenant has a certain measure of access into the human spirit. But it’s still the old human spirit. Whereas the New Testament saints have a
spirit man that is born again. That’s why only then could the Holy Spirit come
and dwell in us permanently.
Lets go back to this point on the longsuffering. Makrothumia is an attribute and development of the
Holy Spirit and the human spirit in our life.
Our human spirit needs to be perfected, needs to grow forth and this can
only be enabled by the Holy Spirit.
What
about hupomone? I’ve studied hupomone
and it seems to be a development of the human soul. It is a steadfastness that needs to come into
the human soul. Let me give you a few
cross-references. Lk.8: 15 “But the one that fell on good ground are
those who have heard the Word with a noble and good heart, keep it and bear
fruit with patience (hupomone). So there is a relationship between hupomone and the Word of God.
There
is a relationship between makrothumia and the
Spirit of God. Based
on Gal.5: 22-23 there is a relationship between makrothumia
and the Spirit of God. Based on Lk.8: 15 there is a relationship between hupomone and the Word of God and all through the New
Testament hupomone and the Word of God have a
very integrated relationship. Abide
in Me and let My word abide in you and you shall bear
much fruit. Jesus is using the word meno which is the same root word of hupomone in Jn.15.
And
all through the New Testament there is a relationship between makrothumia and the Holy Spirit. When both work together you have the balance
of the Word and the Spirit.
Lk.21
Jesus was talking about the end time.
But in the process He gives a revelation of something that is useful for
us. Lk.21: 18-19 But not a hair of
your head shall be lost, in your patience (hupomone),
possess your soul. In your hupomone control your soul. I repeat again, there is a relationship
between hupomone and the Word of God and the human
soul. And there is a relationship
between makrothumia and the Holy Spirit and
the human spirit. Both are integral to
the development in our life in order to be the person God wants us to be and do
those things God wants us to do.
Heb.10,
he is writing to these people encouraging them.
The author of the Hebrew whom we believe to be Paul, even though his
name was not mentioned and his style of writing is
quite different. That’s why some
scholars think it was not Paul who wrote Hebrews. It has only been over the last couple of
hundred years that people didn’t think that it was Paul. However the traditions as given in church
history and the early fathers and all the early groups of people in the first
100, 200, 300 AD recognized that this was Paul’s epistle. It was only during the last 100, 200 years
that people thought that it was not he.
When Kenneth E. Hagin saw the Lord Jesus
Christ in a vision, he did ask the Lord this question. The Lord told him that
it was indeed Paul who wrote this epistle.
Heb.10,
he is writing to people who are being tested, going through tribulations,
discouraged and down. He was trying to
encourage them. First of all he showed
what makrothumia could do in the life of
Abraham and other people and then now he comes to them in Heb.10: 35 “Therefore
do not cast away your confidence which has great reward. For you have need of hupomone,
patience, so that after you have done the will of God, you may receive the
promise.”
If
you don’t read it in the Greek, you wouldn’t realize that Heb.10: 36 receiving
the promise is different from Heb.6 on receiving or
inheriting the promise. You wouldn’t
realize it because Heb. 6 uses the word makrothumia,
and Heb. 10 uses the word hupomone. But hupomone
is used in a different development, that after you have done the will of God,
you may receive the promise. Earlier in
Heb.6 verse 12 that through faith and makrothumia
inherit the promise. But there is a
difference between receiving the promise and inheriting the promise. One is more of manifestation and one is you
still got to hold on.
Then
he continues in verse 37-38. For yet
a little while and He who is coming will come and will not delay and the just
shall live by faith, (another word hold on be stabilized). But if anyone draws back My soul has not pleasure in him. But we are not of those who draw back to
perdition, but of those who believe to the saving of the soul. Again you find hupomone
related to the soul.
Let
me just summarize some of the studies we have done. Hupomone is
the development of your human soul in relation to the Word of God. Since the fall of man the soul of human
beings has been wavering . Doubts come from your soul,
distress comes from your soul and emotions, and all the wrong things that is
coming from your soul. The human soul
needs to be girded with the Word of God to be stabilized. An unstable soul will not receive the promises
of God. Remember Jesus said, that if you
have faith as small as a mustard seed, you can tell the mountain remove from
here to yonder and it will be removed.
But when you speak do not doubt in your heart. One tiny doubt will cancel the whole process. Doubt is the quality of the fallen soul. And that is why we need the renewal of the
mind and the Word of God to stabilize our soul.
You notice, the more Word we have in our life, the more we are
stabilized in our soul. Hupomone takes a special form. A patient soul is an attribute that you want
to have. Hupomone
patience is not an attribute of your human spirit. Its an attribute of
a renewed soul and renewed mind.
Patience is an attribute of your human soul according to the Word of
God.
Having understood that hupomone relates to the Word of God which needs to
come in to stabilize our soul and makrothumia
as an attribute and quality and fire of the Holy Spirit that needs to come in
to give a certain quality to the human spirit, we now look at James chapter one
and see the process taking place.
In
verse 2-4, “My brethren count it all joy when you fall into various trials,
knowing that the testing of your faith produces patience (hupomone),
but let patience (hupomone) have its perfect
work, that you may be perfect and complete, lacking nothing. Now notice hupomone is not enough or otherwise James
wouldn’t have written let patience (hupomone) have
its perfect work.
Having
hupomone is not enough in verse 4 let hupomone have its perfect work. That means you cannot just receive it
once. When you receive the Word of God be ready for the Word of God to be challenged, tested until
the Word of God is digested and becomes a part of you. If you eat a piece of bread, the bread enters
into your mouth and you chew it. It
enters your stomach, and then your gastric juice comes and digests it. The bread had to be digested so that it can
become a part of your body.
The Word you receive needs to be
digested by your spirit but it needs to renew your soul until your soul is
steadily held by the Word of God. This means
when the Word of God comes it produces faith in your
human spirit. But faith in your human
spirit must become trust in your soul.
Your soul must develop a sort of faith and confidence in the Word of God. Faith is an attribute in the human spirit. Trust is an attribute of your soul. You trust with all your heart. Heart is spirit and soul working together
It
says in Heb.11: 1-3, verse 1 says faith is a substance hoped for, the
evidence of things not seen. Then he
goes on to say that by faith we understand. Why do people doubt? It is because their soul
hasn’t been under girded by the Word of God.
The Word of God needs to come constantly.
In the parable of the sower and the seed, what happens when the Word of God
comes? Remember one type of ground, they
rejoice, rejoice but they have no root in themselves. He is not just talking about the root in the
human spirit. They need to have the Word
of God rooted in their soul. The book of
Proverb says the Word of God can become flesh to your bones. But it had to flow through our soul. When the Word of God becomes a part of our
thinking life, the way you think is according to the word of God. There are a lot of us when we grow up; we
have a different education outside the Word of God. We are brought up by the world system. We are taught the world system and
principles. We are taught the worldly
ambition.
When
we are born again, our spirit was regenerated but our mind is still not renewed
yet. This mind of ours, this soul of
ours needs to be taught to function like the Word of God says. We have got to renew ourselves as the Word of
God says and function
It has to be re-educated.
And when the soul begins to obey God’s word, hupomone
begins to be perfected. The soul
believes to the saving of the soul. He
is not talking about being lost in hell, because when you are born again, you
have a ticket to heaven. But he is
talking about the renewal.
The
word save is the word sozo,
which means the complete salvation for the spirit, soul and body. The Word of
God affects all three parts of the human being.
Why do people who are born again still look like not born again by the
look on their faces? I mean Jesus is your
Lord, Jesus is your savior, He is the Lord but you look like He is not the Lord
of your life. Nobody likes me. Is He the Lord or not? You don’t know my problem. Is your problem the Lord’s or is it only your
problem? Is Jesus truly the Lord? See,
our soul needs to be renewed, to be re-adjusted to think like the Word, to feel
like the Word and when our soul is renewed hupomone
is steadfast. Hupomone
is complete. Where there is incomplete hupomone, you will not have what we call the full
assurance of faith. You have only
partial assurance, half assurance, quarter
assurance. We need the full assurance of
faith.
When hupomone in James 1:4
“let hupomone have its perfect work, that you may
be perfect and complete, lacking nothing.” When it has its perfect work then you have a
perfect and complete answer to all your prayers, all the things that you
want. Your soul is now lined up with
your human spirit, which is born again.
God cannot come forth to overcome the circumstances in your life. It goes on to say in verse 12, “Blessed is
the man who endures temptation; for when he has been approved, he will receive
the crown of life which the Lord has promised to those who loved Him.” It goes on to tell how temptation is not from
God and how it is more our own internal inclination and weaknesses that need to
be overcome. The temptation is not found
in your spirit. The temptation is found
in your soul and your flesh.
When
those areas are conquered by hupomone, renewed
by the Word of God, your human spirit can now work together with your
soul. The Holy Spirit becomes available. He is the free gift of grace and promise of
God to our lives. But why can’t the Holy
Spirit work mightily in our lives? He is
limited according to what we ask or think, limited according to the limitations
of our soul. You can have a fantastic
reservoir, but if all you have is a rusty old pipe, you will still not have the
fullness of the reservoir. Our human
soul is a conduit by which the Holy Spirit flows through in this pipe. Therefore we need to develop our soul in the
Word of God. It is the natural attribute
of the fallen nature for our soul to be wavering. You talk to the average person; their thought
life is not in their control. You talk
to the average Christian, their thought life is only sometimes in their
control. But if you talk to a real man
or woman of God who is like Jesus, all their thoughts are always in line with
the Word of God. The closer you are with
Jesus the more your thought conforms to His image. Day and night your thinking is about Jesus
and it’s so easy for Jesus to flow through your life and work in your life and
do all that He wants to do.
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